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Multilateralism & Unilateralism

Multilateralism & Unilateralism

Starting a war is easier than ending one

By Herbert Wulf* – International Politics and Society (IPS-Journal) Militarily superior, yet still without victory. In Ukraine and Iran, escalation has exposed the limits of force — and the lack of an exit strategy.

Multilateralism & Unilateralism

The New Scramble for Africa

Regional powers including the UAE, Turkey, and Israel are expanding influence across the Red Sea and Horn of Africa through military support, gold smuggling networks, and port control, creating a system of long-distance economic and political domination that mirrors colonialism without requiring territorial occupation.

Multilateralism & Unilateralism

Europe’s dependency on foreign-made arms is here to stay

By Eurydice Bersi* and Attila Kálmán** – Investigative Europe Despite the huge sums mobilised for defence, dependency on the US remains highly entrenched for air defence in particular, while a new reliance on Israel is emerging. In 2011, when the Italians, French and British…

Multilateralism & Unilateralism

Will Trump’s efforts to boost Bolsonaro blow up in his face?

Brazil votes Sunday in a tight presidential race between leftist incumbent Lula and right-wing challenger Flávio Bolsonaro, with the Trump administration backing Bolsonaro through tariffs, sanctions, and other pressure tactics that may backfire by fueling Brazilian nationalism and helping Lula.

Multilateralism & Unilateralism

The Two Shocks Upending Latin America

Latin American voters frustrated by crime elected populist security-focused leaders, but economic shocks from Hormuz Strait disruptions and El Niño are forcing them to pivot toward economic demands, threatening further political instability across the region.